Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 556-565 , July 2009

Variations of the intra-articular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon: A classification of embryologically explained variations

  • Carl Dierickx, MD

      Affiliations

    • Virga Jesseziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Carl Dierickx, MD, Virga Jesseziekenhuis, Plankeweidelaan 18, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
    • ,
  • Enrico Ceccarelli, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istuto Clinico Humanitas Rozzano, Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Marco Conti, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Istuto Clinico Humanitas Rozzano, Milano, Italy
    • ,
  • Jan Vanlommel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Virga Jesseziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
    • ,
  • Alessandro Castagna, MD

      Affiliations

    • Istuto Clinico Humanitas Rozzano, Milano, Italy

References 

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  2. Audenaert EA, Barbaix EJ, Van Hoonacker P, Berghs BM. Extraarticular variants of the long head of the biceps brachii: a reminder of embryology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17:114–117
  3. Choi CH, Kim SK, Jang WC, Kim SJ. Biceps pulley impingement. Arthoscopy. 2004;20:80–83
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  5. Palma De. Surgery of the shoulder. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1973;p. 62-7
  6. Enad JG. Bifurcate origin of the long head of the biceps tendon. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:1041–1083
  7. Franco JC, Knapp TP, Mandelbaum BR. Congenital absence of the long head of the biceps tendon. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1584–1586
  8. Gardner E, Gray DJ. Prenatal development of the human shoulder and acromio-clavicular joints. Am J Anat. 1953;92:219–276
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  10. Glueck DA, Mair SD, Johnson DL. Shoulder instability with the absence of the long head of the biceps tendon. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:787–789
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  12. Hyman JL, Warren RF. Extra-articular origin of biceps brachii. Arthroscopy. 2001;17:E29
  13. Kim KC, Rhee KJ, Shin HD. A long head of the biceps tendon confluent with the intra-articular rotator cuff: arthroscopic and MR arthrographic findings. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009;129:311–314
  14. Kim KC, Rhee KJ, Shin HD, Kim YM. Biceps long head tendon revisited: a case report of split tendon arising from single origin. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2008;128:495–498
  15. Le Double AF. Traité des variations du système musculaire de l'homme et de leur signification au point de vue de l'anthropologie zoologique. Paris: Schleicher Frères; 1897;p. 32-8
  16. MacDonald PB. Congenital anomaly of the biceps tendon and anatomy within the shoulder joint. Arthroscopy. 1998;14:741–742
  17. Marianni PP. Arthroscopic absence of the long head of the biceps. Arthroscopy. 1997;13:499–501
  18. Meyer AVV. Bilateral absence of the tendon of the long head of the biceps in one subject, and five instances of secondary attachment of the tendon to the articular capsule and tuberositas, with special reference to the effect of these anomalous conditions upon the intertubercular sulcus. J Anat Physiol. 1914;48:133–135
  19. Neale R. The alleged transmigration of the long tendon of the biceps brachii. Anat Rec. 1937;67:205–218
  20. Ogawa K, Naniwa T. A rare variation of the biceps: a possible cause of degeneration of the rotator cuff. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7:295–297
  21. Pal GP, Bhatt RH, Patel VS. Relationship between the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and the glenoidal labrum in humans. Anat Rec. 1991;229:278–280
  22. Tena-Arregui J, Barrio-Asensio C, Puerta-Fonollá J, Murillo-González J. Arthroscopic study of the shoulder joint in fetuses. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;9:1114–1119
  23. Testut L. Traité d'anatomie humaine. Paris: Octave Doin; 1896;p. 778-81
  24. Vangsness CT, Jorgenson SS, Watson T, Johnson DL. The origin of the long head of the biceps from the scapula and glenoid labrum. An anatomical study of 100 shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:951–954
  25. Wahl CJ, MacGillivray JD. Three congenital variations in the long head of the biceps tendon: A review of pathoanatomic considerations and case reports. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16:e25–e30
  26. Welcker H. Die Einwanderung der Bicepssehne in das Schultergelenk. Nebst Notizen über Ligamentum inter articulare humeri und Ligamentum teres femoris. Arch Anat Physiol. 1878;1:20–42
  27. Yeh L, Pedowitz R, Kwak S, Haghighi P, Muhle C, Trudell D, et al. Intracapsular origin of the long head of the biceps tendon. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28:178–181

PII: S1058-2746(09)00145-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2009.03.006

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 556-565 , July 2009

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