Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 529-534 , July 2009

External rotation lag sign revisited: Accuracy for diagnosis of full thickness supraspinatus tear

  • Filippo Castoldi, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Turin Medical School; Mauriziano “Umberto I” Hospital, Turin, Italy
    • ,
  • Davide Blonna, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Turin Medical School; Mauriziano “Umberto I” Hospital, Turin, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Davide Blonna, University of Turin Medical School, Mauriziano “Umberto I” Hospital, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Turin, Italy.
    • ,
  • Ralph Hertel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Shulterzentrum, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland

References 

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  2. Holtby R, Razmjou H. Validity of the supraspinatus test as a single clinical test in diagnosing patients with rotator cuff pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34:194–200
  3. Hurschler C, Wulker N, Windhagen H, Hellmers N, Plumhoff P. Evaluation of the lag sign tests for external rotator function of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13:298–304
  4. Jenp YN, Malanga GA, Growney ES, An KN. Activation of the rotator cuff in generating isometric shoulder rotation torque. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:477–485
  5. Jobe FW, Moynes DR. Delineation of diagnostic criteria and rehabilitation program for rotator cuff injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10:336–339
  6. Kelly BT, Kadrmas WR, Speer KP. The manual muscle examination for rotator cuff strength. An electromyographic investigation. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:581–588
  7. Kronberg M, Nemeth G, Brostrom LA. Muscle activity and coordination in the normal shoulder. An electromyographic study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;257:76–85
  8. Langenderfer JE, Patthanacharoenphon C, Carpenter JE, Hughes RE. Variation in external rotation moment arms among subregions of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:1737–1744
  9. MacDonald PB, Clark P, Sutherland K. An analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the Hawkins and Neer subacromial impingement signs. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9:299–301
  10. Malaga GA, Jenp YN, Growney ES, An KN. EMG analysis of shoulder positioning in testing and strengthening the supraspinatus. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28:661–664
  11. Murrell GA, Walton JR. Diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Lancet. 2001;357:769–770Erratum in: Lancet 2001;357:1452
  12. Neer CS. Anatomy of shoulder reconstruction. In:  Neer CS editors. Shoulder reconstruction. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1990;p. 1–39
  13. Otis JC, Jiang CC, Wickiewicz TL, Peterson MG, Warren RF, Santner TJ. Changes in the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles with abduction and rotation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:667–676
  14. Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1446–1455
  15. Walch G, Boulahia A, Calderone S, Robinson AH. The ‘dropping’ and ‘hornblower's’ signs in evaluation of rotator-cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80:624–628

PII: S1058-2746(09)00008-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.11.007

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 529-534 , July 2009

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