Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 5 , Pages 576-579 , September 2006

Electromyographic analysis of physical examination tests for type II superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions

  • Jennifer C. Swaringen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • ,
  • Amy G. Mell, BS

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • ,
  • Joseph Langenderfer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • ,
  • Suzanne LaScalza, MS

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • ,
  • Richard E. Hughes, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • ,
  • John E. Kuhn, MD

      Affiliations

    • Vanderbilt Shoulder Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: John E. Kuhn, MD, Vanderbilt Sports Medicine, 2601 Jess Neely Dr, Nashville, TN 37212

References 

  1. Andrews JR , Carson WG , McLeod WD . Glenoid labrum tears related to the long head of the biceps . Am J Sports Med . 1985;13:337–341
  2. Berg EE , Ciullo JV . A clinical test for superior glenoid labral or SLAP lesions . Clin J Sport Med . 1998;8:121–123
  3. Bey MJ , Elders GJ , Huston LJ , Kuhn JE , Blasier RB , Soslowsky LJ . The mechanism of creation of superior labrum, anterior, and posterior lesions in a dynamic biomechanical model of the shoulder: the role of inferior subluxation . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 1998;7:397–401
  4. Buchanan TS , Almdale DPJ , Lewis JL , Rymer WZ . Characteristics of synergic relations during isometric contractions of human elbow muscles . J Neurophysiol . 1986;56:1225–1241
  5. Clavert P , Bonnomet F , Kempf JF , Boutemy P , Braun M , Kahn JL . Contribution to the study of the pathogenesis of type II superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions: a cadaveric model of a fall on the outstretched hand . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2004;13:45–50
  6. Holovacs TF , Osbahr DC , Singh H , Kirkendall D , Speer KP . The sensitivity and specificity of the physical examination to detect glenoid labrum tears . Orlando, Florida: Presented at the 16th Annual Open Meeting of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; 2000; March 18
  7. Kibler WB . Specificity and sensitivity of the anterior slide test in throwing athletes with superior glenoid labral tears . Arthroscopy . 1995;11:296–300
  8. Kido T , Itoi E , Konno N , Sano A , Urayama M , Sato K . Electromyographic activities of the biceps during arm elevation in shoulders with rotator cuff tears . Acta Orthop Scand . 1998;69:575–579
  9. Kim SH , Ha KI , Ahn JH , Choi HJ . Biceps load test II: a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder . Arthroscopy . 2001;17:160–164
  10. Kim SH , Ha KI , Han KY . Biceps load test: a clinical test for superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions in shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocations . Am J Sports Med . 1999;27:300–303
  11. Kim TK , Queale WS , Cosgarea AJ , McFarland EG . Clinical features of the different types of SLAP lesions: an analysis of one hundred and thirty-nine cases (Superior labrum anterior posterior) . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2003;85:66–71
  12. Kuechle DK , Newman SR , Itoi E , Morrey BF , An K-N . Shoulder muscle moment arms during horizontal flexion and elevation . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 1997;6:429–439
  13. Kuhn JE , Lindholm SR , Huston LJ , Soslowsky LJ , Blasier RB . Failure of the biceps superior labral complex: a cadaveric biomechanical investigation comparing the late cocking and early deceleration positions of throwing . Arthroscopy . 2003;19:373–379
  14. Liu SH , Henry MH , Nuccion SL . A prospective evaluation of a new physical examination in predicting glenoid labral tears . Am J Sports Med . 1996;24:721–725
  15. Maffet MW , Gartsman GM , Moseley B . Superior labrum-biceps tendon complex lesions of the shoulder . Am J Sports Med . 1995;23:93–98
  16. McFarland EG , Kim TK , Savino RM . Clinical assessment of three common tests for superior labral anterior-posterior lesions . Am J Sports Med . 2002;30:810–815
  17. Mileski RA , Snyder SJ . Superior labral lesions in the shoulder: pathoanatomy and surgical management . J Am Acad Orthop Surg . 1998;6:121–131
  18. Mimori K , Muneta T , Nakagawa T , Shinomiya K . A new pain provocation test for superior labral tears of the shoulder . Am J Sports Med . 1999;27:137–142
  19. Montgomery DC . Design and analysis of experiments . 4th ed.. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1996;
  20. Morgan CD , Burkhart SS , Palmeri M , Gillespie M . Type II SLAP lesions: three subtypes and their relationships to superior instability and rotator cuff tears . Arthroscopy . 1998;14:553–565
  21. O’Brien SJ , Pagnani MJ , Fealy S , McGlynn SR , Wilson JB . The active compression test: a new and effective test for diagnosing labral tears and acromioclavicular joint abnormality . Am J Sports Med . 1998;26:610–613
  22. Parentis MA , Jobe CM , Pink MM , Jobe FW . An anatomic evaluation of the active compression test . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2004;13:410–416
  23. Parentis MA , Mohr KJ , ElAttrache NS . Disorders of the superior labrum: review and treatment guidelines . Clin Orthop Relat Res . 2002;??:77–87
  24. Pidcoe PE , Madigan ML . The impact of electromagnetic kinematic tracking system interference on EMG data used to determine muscle onsets . [abstract] Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2001;33:S83
  25. Pradhan R , Itoi E , Hatakeyama Y , Urayama M , Sato K . Superior labral strain during the throwing motion: a cadaveric study . Am J Sports Med . 2001;29:488–492
  26. Pradhan RL , Itoi E , Kido T , Hatakeyama Y , Urayama M , Sato K . Effects of biceps loading and arm rotation on the superior labrum in the cadaveric shoulder . Tohoku J Exp Med . 2000;190:261–269
  27. Sakurai G , Ozaki J , Tomita Y , Nishimoto K , Tamai S . Electromyographic analysis of shoulder joint function of the biceps brachii muscle during isometric contraction . Clin Orthop Relat Res . 1998;??:123–131
  28. Savoie FHI , Field LD , Atchinson S . Anterior superior instability with rotator cuff tearing: SLAC lesion . Oper Tech Sports Med . 2000;8:220–224
  29. Snyder SJ , Banas MP , Karzel RP . An analysis of 140 injuries to the superior glenoid labrum . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 1995;4:243–248
  30. Snyder SJ , Karzel RP , Pizzo WD , Ferkel RD , Friedman MJ . SLAP lesions of the shoulder . Arthroscopy . 1990;6:274–279
  31. Stetson WB , Templin K . The crank test, the O’Brien test, and routing magnetic resonance imaging scans in the diagnosis of labral tears . Am J Sports Med . 2002;30:806–809
  32. Yeh ML , Lintner D , Luo ZP . Stress distribution in the superior labrum during the throwing motion . Am J Sports Med . 2005;33:395–401

PII: S1058-2746(06)00074-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2006.01.004

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 5 , Pages 576-579 , September 2006