Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 324-330 , May 2006

Comparison of three stretches for the pectoralis minor muscle

  • John D. Borstad, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Physical Therapy Division, School of Allied Medical Professions, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: John D. Borstad, PhD, PT, Division of Physical Therapy, The Ohio State University, 1583 Perry St, Columbus, OH 43210-1234.
  • ,
  • Paula M. Ludewig, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

References 

  1. An K-N , Browne AO , Korinek S , Tanaka S , Morrey BF . Three-dimensional kinematics of glenohumeral elevation . J Orthop Res . 1991;9:143–149
  2. Bandy WD , Irion JM . The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles . Phys Ther . 1994;74:845–852
  3. Bang MD , Deyle GD . Comparison of supervised exercise with and without manual physical therapy for patients with shoulder impingement syndrome . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 2000;30:126–137
  4. Barnett ND , Duncan RDD , Johnson GR . The measurement of three dimensional scapulohumeral kinematics—a study of reliability . Clin Biomech . 1999;14:287–290
  5. Boissonnault WG , Goodman CC . Introduction to pathology of the musculoskeletal system . In:  Goodman CC ,  Boissonnault WG ,  Fuller KS editor. Pathology (implications for the physical therapist) . Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003;p. 821–828
  6. Borstad JD , Ludewig PM . The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 2005;35:227–238
  7. Borstad JD . In: The effect of pectoralis minor resting length variability on scapular kinematics [doctoral dissertation] . Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services; 2004;p. 83–147 Available from: URL: www.il.proquest.com/umi/dissertations/. Accessed November 12, 2004.
  8. Hebert LJ , Moffet H , McFadyen BJ , Dionne CE . Scapular behavior in shoulder impingement syndrome . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2002;83:60–69
  9. Herzog W , Guimaraes AC , Anton MC , Carter-Erdman KA . Moment-length relations of rectus femoris muscles of speed skaters/cyclists and runners . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1991;23:1289–1296
  10. Karduna AR , McClure PW , Michener LA , Sennett B . Dynamic measurements of three-dimensional scapular kinematics (a validation study) . J Biomech Eng . 2001;123:184–190
  11. Kendall FP , McCreary EK , Provance PG . In: Muscles (testing and function) . 4th ed.. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1993;p. 19–106
  12. Kisner C , Colby LA . The shoulder and shoulder girdle . In:  Kisner C ,  Colby LA editor. Therapeutic exercise (foundations and techniques) . 4th ed.. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis; 2002;p. 368–369
  13. Ludewig PM , Borstad JD . Effects of a home exercise program on shoulder pain and functional status in construction workers . Occup Environ Med . 2003;60:841–849
  14. Ludewig PM , Cook TM . Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement . Phys Ther . 2000;80:276–291
  15. Lukasiewicz AC , McClure P , Michener L , Pratt N , Sennett B . Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 1999;298:574–586
  16. Magee DJ . In: Orthopedic physical assessment . 4th ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002;p. 243–289
  17. McClure PW , Bialker J , Neff N , Williams G , Karduna A . Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program . Phys Ther . 2004;84:832–848
  18. McClure PW , Michener LA , Sennett BJ , Karduna AR . Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2001;10:269–277
  19. Michener LA , McClure PW , Karduna AR . Anatomical and biomechanical mechanisms of subacromial impingement syndrome . Clin Biomech . 2003;18:369–379
  20. Sahrmann SA . Movement impairment syndromes of the shoulder girdle . In: Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes . St Louis: Mosby; 2002;p. 193–261
  21. Soslowsky LJ , Thomopoulos S , Esmail A , Flanagan CL , Iannotti JP , Williamson JD , et al.   Development and use of an animal model for investigation on rotator cuff disease . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 1996;5:383–392
  22. Wang C-H , McClure P , Pratt NE , Nobilini R . Stretching and strengthening exercises (their effect on three-dimensional scapular kinematics) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1999;80:923–929
  23. Wang SS , Whitney SL , Burdett RG , Janosky JE . Lower extremity muscular flexibility in long distance runners . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 1993;17:102–107
  24. Williams PE , Goldspink G . The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres . J Anat . 1973;116:45–55
  25. Williams PE , Goldspink G . Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle . J Anat . 1978;3:459–468

PII: S1058-2746(05)00267-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.08.011

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 324-330 , May 2006