Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 14, Issue 6 , Pages 602-610 , November 2005

Internal and external rotation of the shoulder: Effects of plane, end-range determination, and scapular motion

  • Sean P. McCully, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
    • ,
  • Naveen Kumar, BS

      Affiliations

    • Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • ,
  • Mark D. Lazarus, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • ,
  • Andrew R. Karduna, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Andrew R. Karduna, PhD, University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, OR 97403

References 

  1. Alpert SW , Pink MM , Jobe FW , McMahon PJ , Mathiyakom W . Electromyographic analysis of deltoid and rotator cuff function under varying loads and speeds . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2000;9:47–58
  2. An KN , Browne AO , Korinek S , Tanaka S , Morrey BF . Three-dimensional kinematics of glenohumeral elevation . J Orthop Res . 1991;9:143–149
  3. Andrews AW , Bohannon RW . Decreased shoulder range of motion on paretic side after stroke . Phys Ther . 1989;69:768–772
  4. Awan R , Smith J , Boon AJ . Measuring shoulder internal rotation range of motion (a comparison of 3 techniques) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2002;83:1229–1234
  5. Barlow JC , Benjamin BW , Birt P , Hughes CJ . Shoulder strength and range-of-motion characteristics in bodybuilders . J Strength Cond Res . 2002;16:367–372
  6. Beighton P . Hypermobility scoring . letter Br J Rheumatol . 1988;27:163
  7. Bigliani LU , Codd TP , Connor PM , et al.   Shoulder motion and laxity in the professional baseball player . Am J Sports Med . 1997;25:609–613
  8. Blasier RB , Carpenter JE , Huston LJ . Shoulder proprioception. Effect of joint laxity, joint position, and direction of motion . Orthop Rev . 1994;23:45–50
  9. Boon AJ , Smith J . Manual scapular stabilization (its effect on shoulder rotational range of motion) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2000;81:978–983
  10. Branch TP , Avilla O , London L , Hutton WC . Correlation of medial/lateral rotation of the humerus with glenohumeral translation . Br J Sports Med . 1999;33:347–351
  11. Branch TP , Lawton RL , Iobst CA , Hutton WC . The role of glenohumeral capsular ligaments in internal and external rotation of the humerus . Am J Sports Med . 1995;23:632–637
  12. Brown LP , Niehues SL , Harrah A , Yavorsky P , Hirshman HP . Upper extremity range of motion and isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators in major league baseball players . Am J Sports Med . 1988;16:577–585
  13. Buchler P , Ramaniraka NA , Rakotomanana LR , Iannotti JP , Farron A . A finite element model of the shoulder (application to the comparison of normal and osteoarthritic joints) . Clin Biomech . 2002;17:630–639
  14. Cain PR , Mutschler TA , Fu FH , Lee SK . Anterior stability of the glenohumeral joint (a dynamic model) . Am J Sports Med . 1987;15:144–148
  15. Cook EE , Gray VL , Savinar-Nogue E , Medeiros J . Shoulder antagonistic strength ratios (a comparison between college-level baseball pitchers and nonpitchers) . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 1987;8:451–461
  16. Cram JR , Kasman GS , Holtz J . Introduction to surface electromyography . Gaithersburg: Aspen Publishers; 1998;
  17. Crockett HC , Gross LB , Wilk KE , et al.   Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers . Am J Sports Med . 2002;30:20–26
  18. Diederichsen L , Krogsgaard M , Voigt M , Dyhre-Poulsen P . Shoulder reflexes . J Electromyogr Kinesiol . 2002;12:183–191
  19. Donatelli R , Ellenbecker TS , Ekedahl SR , et al.   Assessment of shoulder strength in professional baseball pitchers . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 2000;30:544–551
  20. Doody SG , Freedman L , Waterland JC . Shoulder movements during abduction in the scapular plane . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1970;51:595–604
  21. Ellenbecker TS , Roetert EP . Effects of a 4-month season on glenohumeral joint rotational strength and range of motion in female collegiate tennis players . J Strength Cond Res . 2002;16:92–96
  22. Ellenbecker TS , Roetert EP , Bailie DS , Davies GJ , Brown SW . Glenohumeral joint total rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2002;34:2052–2056
  23. Finucane SD , Walker ML , Rothstein JM , Lamb RL . Reliability of isometric muscle testing of knee flexor and extensor muscles in patients with connective tissue disease . Phys Ther . 1988;68:338–343
  24. Gerber C , Werner CM , Macy JC , Jacob HA , Nyffeler RW . Effect of selective capsulorrhaphy on the passive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2003;85:48–55
  25. Greene WB , Heckman JD . The clinical measurement of joint motion . Rosemont (IL): American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1993;
  26. Gunal I , Kose N , Erdogan O , Gokturk E , Seber S . Normal range of motion of the joints of the upper extremity in male subjects, with special reference to side . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1996;78:1401–1404
  27. Harryman DT , Sidles JA , Clark JM , et al.   Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid with passive glenohumeral motion . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1990;72:1334–1343
  28. Hayes K , Walton JR , Szomor ZR , Murrell GA . Reliability of five methods for assessing shoulder range of motion . Aust J Physiother . 2001;47:289–294
  29. Janwantanakul P , Magarey ME , Jones MA , Dansie BR . Variation in shoulder position sense at mid and extreme range of motion . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2001;82:840–844
  30. Karduna AR , McClure PW , Michener LA , Sennett B . Dynamic measurements of three-dimensional scapular kinematics (a validation study) . J Biomech Eng . 2001;123:184–190
  31. Karduna AR , Williams GR , Williams JL , Iannotti JP . Kinematics of the glenohumeral joint (influences of muscle forces, ligamentous constraints, and articular geometry) . J Orthop Res . 1996;14:986–993
  32. Kelly BT , Roskin LA , Kirkendall DT , Speer KP . Shoulder muscle activation during aquatic and dry land exercises in nonimpaired subjects . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 2000;30:204–210
  33. Kronberg M , Broström L-Å , Nemeth G . Differences in shoulder muscle activity between patients with generalized joint laxity and normal controls . Clin Orthop . 1991;269:181–192
  34. Kuhn JE , Bey MJ , Huston LJ , Blasier RB , Soslowsky LJ . Ligamentous restraints to external rotation of the humerus in the late-cocking phase of throwing. A cadaveric biomechanical investigation . Am J Sports Med . 2000;28:200–205
  35. Maffet MW , Jobe FW , Pink MM , Brault J , Mathiyakom W . Shoulder muscle firing patterns during the windmill softball pitch . Am J Sports Med . 1997;25:369–374
  36. Malicky DM , Soslowsky LJ , Blasier RB , Shyr Y . Anterior glenohumeral stabilization factors (progressive effects in a biomechanical model) . J Orthop Res . 1996;14:282–288
  37. Mallon WJ , Herring CL , Sallay PI , Moorman CT , Crim JR . Use of vertebral levels to measure presumed internal rotation at the shoulder (a radiographic analysis) . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 1996;5:299–306
  38. McClure P , Siegler S , Nobilini R . Three-dimensional flexibility characteristics of the human cervical spine in vivo . Spine . 1998;23:216–223
  39. Moskal MJ , Harryman DT , Romeo AA , Rhee YG , Sidles JA . Glenohumeral motion after complete capsular release . Arthroscopy . 1999;15:408–416
  40. Novotny JE , Beynnon BD , Nichols CE . Modeling the stability of the human glenohumeral joint during external rotation . J Biomech . 2000;33:345–354
  41. Novotny JE , Woolley CT , Nichols CE , Beynnon BD . In vivo technique to quantify the internal-external rotation kinematics of the human glenohumeral joint . J Orthop Res . 2000;18:190–194
  42. O’Connell PW , Nuber GW , Mileski RA , Lautenschlager E . The contribution of the glenohumeral ligaments to anterior stability of the shoulder joint . Am J Sports Med . 1990;18:579–584
  43. Poppen NK , Walker PS . Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1976;58:195–201
  44. Portney LG , Watkins MP . Foundations of clinical research (application to practice) . Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall Health; 2000;
  45. Reagan KM , Meister K , Horodyski MB , et al.   Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoulder of college baseball players . Am J Sports Med . 2002;30:354–360
  46. Schiffern SC , Rozencwaig R , Antoniou J , Richardson ML , Matsen FA . Anteroposterior centering of the humeral head on the glenoid in vivo . Am J Sports Med . 2002;30:382–387
  47. Siegler S , Lapointe S , Nobilini R , Berman AT . A six-degrees-of-freedom instrumented linkage for measuring the flexibility characteristics of the ankle joint complex . J Biomech . 1996;29:943–947
  48. Steinbeck J , Bruntrup J , Greshake O , et al.   Neurohistological examination of the inferior glenohumeral ligament of the shoulder . J Orthop Res . 2003;21:250–255
  49. Terry GC , Hammon D , France P , Norwood LA . The stabilizing function of passive shoulder restraints . Am J Sports Med . 1991;19:26–34
  50. Turkel SJ , Panio MW , Marshall JL , Girgis FG . Stabilizing mechanisms preventing anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1981;63:1208–1217
  51. Tyler TF , Nicholas SJ , Roy T , Gleim GW . Quantification of posterior capsule tightness and motion loss in patients with shoulder impingement . Am J Sports Med . 2000;28:668–673
  52. Urayama M , Itoi E , Hatakeyama Y , Pradhan RL , Sato K . Function of the 3 portions of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (a cadaveric study) . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2001;10:589–594
  53. Wu G , van der Helm FC , Veeger HE , Makhsous M , Van Roy P , Anglin C , et al.   ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—Part II (shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand) . J Biomech . 2005;38:981–992
  54. Warner JJ , Micheli LJ , Arslanian LE , Kennedy J , Kennedy R . Patterns of flexibility, laxity, and strength in normal shoulders and shoulders with instability and impingement . Am J Sports Med . 1990;18:366–375

PII: S1058-2746(05)00147-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.05.003

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 14, Issue 6 , Pages 602-610 , November 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution