Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 24-29 , January 2004

Shoulder electromyography in multidirectional instability

  • Alfred D Morris, FRCS (Tr and Orth)

      Affiliations

    • From the University Department of Musculoskeletal Science, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Alfred D. Morris, FRCS (Tr and Orth), 2 Grange Walk, West Kirby, Wirral, United Kingdom CH48 8BT.
    • ,
  • Graham J Kemp, DM

      Affiliations

    • From the University Department of Musculoskeletal Science, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Simon P Frostick, DM

      Affiliations

    • From the University Department of Musculoskeletal Science, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

References 

  1. Basmajian JV, De Luca CJ. Muscles alive. Their functions revealed by electromyography. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1985;
  2. Basmajian JV, Stecko G. A new bipolar electrode for electromyography. J Appl Physiol 1962;17:849
  3. Burkhead W, Rockwood C. Treatment of instability of the shoulder with an exercise program. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:890–896
  4. Chandler TJ, Kibler WB, Stracener EC, Ziegler AK, Pace B. Shoulder strength, power, and endurance in college tennis players. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:455–458
  5. Delagi EF, Perotto A. Anatomic guide for the electromyographer. Springfield (IL): CC Thomas; 1980;
  6. Graichen H, Stammberger T, Bonel H, et al.  Glenohumeral translation during active and passive elevation of the shoulder—a 3D open-MRI study. J Biomech. 2000;33:609–613
  7. Harryman D, Sidles J, Harris S, Matsen F. Laxity of the normal glenohumeral joint (a quantitative in vivo assessment). J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992;1:66–76
  8. Hawkins R, Schutte J, Janda D, Hucknell G. Translation of the glenohumeral joint with the patient under anesthesia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;4:286–292
  9. Hinton RY. Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder rotational strength in high school baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med;16:274-9
  10. Mallon WJ, Speer KP. Multidirectional instability (current concepts). J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995;4:54–64
  11. Matsen FA, Lippett SB, Sidles JA, Harryman DJ. Practical evaluation and management of the shoulder. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1994;
  12. McMaster WC, Long SC, Caiozzo VJ. Isokinetic torque imbalances in the rotator cuff of the elite water polo player. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:72–75
  13. McMaster WC, Long SC, Caiozzo VJ. Shoulder torque changes in the swimming athlete. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:323–327
  14. Morris AD, Kemp GJ, Lees A, Frostick SP. A study of the reproducibility of three different normalisation methods in intramuscular dual fine wire electromyography of the shoulder. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1998;8:317–322
  15. Neer C, Foster C. Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:897–908
  16. Nemeth G, Kronberg M, Brostrom LA. Electromyogram recordings from the subscapularis muscle (description of a technique). J Orthop Res. 1990;8:151–153
  17. Pagnani M, Warren R. Stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3:173–190
  18. Turker K. Electromyography (some methodological problems and issues). Phys Ther. 1993;73:698–710

☆ This work was supported by a Laming Evans Research Fellowship awarded to A.D.M. by the Royal College of Surgeons of England, as well as a grant from the Wishbone Trust.

PII: S1058-2746(03)00248-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2003.09.005

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 24-29 , January 2004

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