Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 10, Issue 5 , Pages 416-420 , September 2001

Translation of the glenohumeral joint in patients with multidirectional and posterior instability: Awake examination versus examination under anesthesia

References 

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  2. Cofield RH, Nessler JP, Weinstabl R. Diagnosis of shoulder instability by examination under anesthesia. Clin Orthop. 1993;291:45–53
  3. Faber KJ, Homa K, Hawkins RJ. Translation of the glenohumeral joint in patients with anterior instability: awake examination versus examination under anesthesia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:320–323
  4. Fronek J, Warren RF, Bowen M. Posterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:205–216
  5. Gerber C, Ganz R. Clinical assessment of instability of the shoulder: with special reference to anterior and posterior drawer tests. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:551–556
  6. Harryman DT, Sidles JA, Clark JM, McQuade KJ, Gibb TD, Matsen FA. Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid with passive glenohumeral motion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1334–1343
  7. Harryman DT, Sidles JA, Harris SL, Matsen FA. Laxity of the normal glenohumeral joint: a quantitative in vivo assessment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992;2:66–76
  8. Hawkins RJ, Koppert G, Johnston G. Recurrent posterior instability (subluxation) of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:169–174
  9. Hawkins RJ, Schutte JP, Janda DH, Huckell GH. Translation of the glenohumeral joint with the patient under anesthesia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;5:286–292
  10. Howell SM, Galinat BJ, Renzi AJ, Marone PJ. Normal and abnormal mechanics of the glenohumeral joint in the horizontal plane. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70:227–232
  11. Levy AS, Lintner S, Kenter K, Speer KP. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the shoulder laxity examination. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:460–463
  12. McFarland EG, Campbell G, McDowell J. Posterior shoulder laxity in asymptomatic athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:468–471
  13. Neer CS, Foster CR. Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:897–908
  14. Poppen NK, Walker PS. Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:195–201
  15. Richards RR, An K-N, Bigliani LU, Friedman RJ, Gartsman GM, Gristina AG, et al.  A standardized method for assessment of shoulder function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3:347–352
  16. Rowe CR, Pierce DS, Clark JG. Voluntary dislocation of the shoulder: a preliminary report on a clinical, electromyographic and psychiatric study of twenty-six patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:445–460

 Reprint requests: Richard J. Hawkins, MD, FRCS(C), Steadman Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, 181 West Meadow Dr, Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657.

PII: S1058-2746(01)44897-X

doi: 10.1067/mse.2001.116650

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Volume 10, Issue 5 , Pages 416-420 , September 2001